— < 1 min read

Sometimes keeping multiple copies of keys, certificates and root certificates can be a real annoyance, thankfully it’s quite simple to convert them in to a single PKCS#12 file with the following command.

openssl pkcs12 -export -out certificate.pkcs -in certificate.crt -inkey private.key -certfile rootcert.crt -name "PKCS#12 Certificate Bundle"

This will create a file called certificate.pkcs which will contain the contents of the certificate.crt, private.key and your root certificate rootcert.crt, it will also have an internal reference to it’s name PKCS#12 Certificate Bundle to make it easier to inspect the certificate to find what it should contain, usually you’d set this to something more useful.

 — < 1 min read

Some times as an administrator you will be given a certificate from a third party that will be in the DER format, which cannot be loaded in to Apache.

Converting it is a simple process:

openssl x509 -in certificate.crt -inform DER -out certificate.pem -outform PEM